From birth to age three, the brain experiences rapid, transformative growth that shapes lifelong learning, behavior, and mental health. Understanding the phases of brain development can help caregivers make a lasting impact during these critical years.
From birth to age 5, a child’s brain develops more than any other time in life. Early brain development impacts a child's ability to learn.
These basic concepts, established over decades of neuroscience and behavioral research, help illustrate why child development—particularly from birth to five years—is a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society.
Brain development during early childhood focuses on building and refining neural connections that support sensory, motor, and cognitive growth. The brain undergoes critical processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, myelination, and synaptic pruning.