Lyophilization is a complex operation used to prepare stable pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products through freeze-drying. During lyophilization, the water fraction of the product is reduced to ...

Freeze drying, lyophilization, and cryodesiccation are all terms used to describe the process of removing water from a sample at low temperature. This low-temperature dehydration process maximizes ...

Experts share how to choose analytical tools and techniques when scaling up a lyophilization process. Lyophilization presents challenges in defining and accurately measuring critical process and ...